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Title: The Reference Wars: Encyclopædia Britannica's Decline and Encarta's Emergence
Encyclopaedia Britannica'sDecline and Encarta's Emergence
Publisher: Wiley
Description: The experience of Encyclopædia Britannica provides the canonical example of the decline of an established firm at the outset of the digital age. Competition from Microsoft’s Encarta in 1993 led to sharp declines in the sales of books, which led to the distressed sale of the firm in 1996. This essay offers new source material about the actions at both Encarta and Britannica, and it offers a novel interpretation of events. Britannica’s management did not misperceive the opportunities and threats, and Britannica did not lack technical prowess. This narrative stresses that Britannica’s management faced organizational diseconomies of scope between supporting lines of business in the old and new markets, which generated internal conflicts. These conflicts hindered the commercialization of new technology and hastened its decline.
Author's Original
URI: http://lib.yhn.edu.vn/handle/YHN/280
Other Identifiers: Greenstein, Shane. "The Reference Wars: Encyclopædia Britannica's Decline and Encarta's Emergence." Strategic Management Journal 38, no. 5 (May 2017): 995–1017.
0143-2095
http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:42661214
10.1002/smj.2552
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